https://santala-research.com/en/ Simple and clear blockchain research: human-written reports with revision history, level-tagged explainers and automated briefs, in English. en Sun, 11 Oct 2026 01:27:04 GMT https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/ledger-investigates-cryptobilis-reseller-wallet-drains.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/ledger-investigates-cryptobilis-reseller-wallet-drains.html Ledger is probing reports of unauthorized wallet drains in Southeast Asia tied to reseller CryptoBilis, while on-chain data indicates stolen assets exceeding $86 million. Sun, 11 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief security https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/mashinsky-35m-settlement-ny-ban.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/mashinsky-35m-settlement-ny-ban.html Former Celsius CEO Alex Mashinsky faces a lifetime industry ban and up to $35 million in conditional penalties following a New York fraud settlement. Sat, 10 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief security https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/samsung-wallet-solana-usdc-integration.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/samsung-wallet-solana-usdc-integration.html Samsung Wallet is adding native cross-border USDC transfers on Solana, bypassing traditional crypto setup complexities for millions of US mobile users. Thu, 08 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief wallet https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/blast-ethereum-layer-2-shutdown.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/blast-ethereum-layer-2-shutdown.html The Ethereum layer-2 network Blast is winding down operations as its native token plunged 98% from launch and monthly revenue dropped to under $1,800. Sun, 04 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief defi https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/sec-proposes-crypto-custody-rules-for-investment-advisers.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/sec-proposes-crypto-custody-rules-for-investment-advisers.html The U.S. SEC proposed rules permitting investment advisers to self-custody client crypto when qualified custodians are unavailable, while authorizing state trust companies as custodians. Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief security https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/eclair-lightning-node-dos-vulnerabilities.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/eclair-lightning-node-dos-vulnerabilities.html Security researcher Matt Morehouse has disclosed multiple denial-of-service vulnerabilities in Eclair, prompting recommendations for node operators to upgrade. Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief security https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/dogeos-public-testnet-evm-dogecoin.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/dogeos-public-testnet-evm-dogecoin.html The new layer-2 rollup aims to introduce decentralized finance applications to Dogecoin, though its long-term security model remains dependent on a pending base-layer upgrade. Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief defi https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/cftc-proposes-event-contract-swap-rules.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/cftc-proposes-event-contract-swap-rules.html The CFTC has submitted rules to the White House to define event contracts as swaps, aiming to establish exclusive federal jurisdiction over prediction markets. Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief defi https://santala-research.com/en/blog/gno-land-validator-horcrux-threshold-signing.html https://santala-research.com/en/blog/gno-land-validator-horcrux-threshold-signing.html Field notes from three gno.land testnets: how we split the validator key into three Horcrux shards, wired the cosigners to gno.land's tmkms listener over WireGuard using the gno core team's Horcrux fork, the key-format and permission gotchas, and eight things that cost us blocks before we understood them. Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Blog security https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/aztec-relaunches-zk-money-privacy-wallet.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/aztec-relaunches-zk-money-privacy-wallet.html Aztec Labs has relaunched zk.money on its Layer 2 network, offering private stablecoin transfers with strict deposit caps and temporary bug mitigations. Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief defi https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/coinbase-cftc-dco-approval-citi-stablecoin.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/coinbase-cftc-dco-approval-citi-stablecoin.html CFTC registration of Coinbase Clearing LLC completes the exchange's domestic derivatives stack, enabling 24/7 settlement of fully collateralized contracts in USDC. Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief defi https://santala-research.com/en/research/bitget-hack-2026.html https://santala-research.com/en/research/bitget-hack-2026.html Bitget lost $387.5M on 24 Sep 2026 after forged withdrawal commands hit its wallet backend via a third-party zero-day. Timeline, laundering, attribution. Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Research security https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/hester-peirce-sec-departure-kyc-panopticon.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/hester-peirce-sec-departure-kyc-panopticon.html The outgoing regulator is scheduled to step down, leaving behind a legacy of crypto policy work and a final call to replace traditional KYC with cryptographic privacy tools. Sat, 26 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief defi https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/binance-acquires-100m-circle-stake-usdc-deal.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/binance-acquires-100m-circle-stake-usdc-deal.html Binance purchased 1.24 million Circle shares for $100 million in a deal linking equity lockups to a five-year USDC promotional agreement. Wed, 23 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief defi https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/ecb-blocks-binance-eu-mica-license.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/ecb-blocks-binance-eu-mica-license.html European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde reportedly intervened to delay and block Binance from securing a European Union MiCA license through Greek financial regulators. Sun, 20 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief security https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/bitcoin-core-32-0-testing-security-fixes.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/bitcoin-core-32-0-testing-security-fixes.html The upcoming release introduces parallel block database reads, dual fee estimation, and critical security patches for memory exhaustion and command injection. Sat, 19 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief bitcoin https://santala-research.com/en/research/zcash-zec-privacy-rally-2026.html https://santala-research.com/en/research/zcash-zec-privacy-rally-2026.html ZEC rose from ~$50 to ~$1,480 in a year; 29% of supply is shielded. What drove the rally: Ironwood, the ZCSH ETF, the NU7 vote, and the EU 2027 ban risk. Fri, 18 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Research privacy https://santala-research.com/en/blog/wallets-keys-seed-phrases.html https://santala-research.com/en/blog/wallets-keys-seed-phrases.html A wallet holds no coins. It holds keys. This guide explains private keys, addresses and the 12 or 24 words that back everything up, and the handful of habits that separate people who keep their bitcoin from people who lose it. Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Blog security https://santala-research.com/en/blog/smart-contracts-under-the-hood.html https://santala-research.com/en/blog/smart-contracts-under-the-hood.html A smart contract is bytecode at an address with some storage and a balance. This article follows a transaction from the four-byte selector to the final state change, explains why gas is priced the way it is, and walks through the bugs that have cost the most money. Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Blog web3 https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/revolut-data-breach-monero-ransom-demand.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/revolut-data-breach-monero-ransom-demand.html Attackers leveraged compromised government email domains to extract KYC records from Revolut, later demanding a $3 million Monero ransom. Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief security https://santala-research.com/en/blog/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake.html https://santala-research.com/en/blog/proof-of-work-vs-proof-of-stake.html Both systems solve the same problem: letting strangers agree on one history of transactions without a referee. They pay for that agreement in different currencies, electricity or locked capital, and that choice shapes everything else. Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Blog fundamentals https://santala-research.com/en/blog/layer-2-explained.html https://santala-research.com/en/blog/layer-2-explained.html Base-layer blockchains are slow on purpose. Layer 2 systems move activity off the main chain while borrowing its security, but they borrow it in very different amounts. Here is how to tell a real Layer 2 from a sidechain with good marketing. Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Blog fundamentals https://santala-research.com/en/blog/how-to-read-a-block-explorer.html https://santala-research.com/en/blog/how-to-read-a-block-explorer.html Every field on a transaction page means something precise: txid, vsize, sat/vB, script type, locktime, gas used, logs. This guide decodes a Bitcoin and an Ethereum transaction line by line, and shows how to check the same data from your own node. Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Blog bitcoin https://santala-research.com/en/blog/how-a-bitcoin-transaction-works.html https://santala-research.com/en/blog/how-a-bitcoin-transaction-works.html From the moment you tap “send” to the moment the coins are final: what your wallet builds, what the network checks, why fees exist and what “confirmations” really mean. Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Blog bitcoin https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/circle-launches-arc-mainnet-institutional-validators.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/circle-launches-arc-mainnet-institutional-validators.html Circle has launched its Arc Layer 1 blockchain with major financial institutions acting as validators and USDC serving as the native gas token. Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief defi https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/robinhood-engineers-charged-insider-trading-hyperliquid.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/robinhood-engineers-charged-insider-trading-hyperliquid.html Federal prosecutors charge former Robinhood engineers with using decentralized perpetual contracts to front-run token listings. Wed, 16 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief security https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/doj-seeks-61-million-iranian-oil-crypto.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/doj-seeks-61-million-iranian-oil-crypto.html The U.S. Department of Justice has filed a civil forfeiture complaint targeting $61 million in cryptocurrency allegedly laundered from black-market Iranian oil sales through Binance accounts. Wed, 16 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief security https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/strive-bitcoin-treasury-25000-btc.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/strive-bitcoin-treasury-25000-btc.html Strive has increased its total cryptocurrency holdings to 25,000 BTC after acquiring 469 Bitcoin funded entirely through its perpetual preferred stock. Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief bitcoin https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/senate-clarity-act-vote-trump-ethics.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/senate-clarity-act-vote-trump-ethics.html A revised draft of the landmark crypto bill features major concessions on ethics and stablecoin rules ahead of a critical Senate procedural vote. Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief bitcoin https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/nasdaq-invests-100m-kraken-parent-payward.html https://santala-research.com/en/briefs/nasdaq-invests-100m-kraken-parent-payward.html A reported $100 million venture investment from Nasdaq into Payward aims to establish a gateway for distributing tokenized equities with shareholder voting rights. Sat, 12 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT Brief defi